How should flanges be positioned before welding?

For effective welding, flanges should be positioned facing inward. This orientation allows for proper alignment of the flanges, ensuring that they meet at the central axis of the pipe. When the flanges are facing inward, the weld joint created is more accessible for a uniform weld bead, which contributes to stronger and more reliable connections.

Inward-facing flanges also facilitate alignment with other components of the piping system, reducing the risk of misalignment during installation. This is critical for maintaining the integrity of the system under pressure and during operation. Additionally, the inward position helps to reduce stresses that could occur from inappropriate flange configurations.

Positioning flanges incorrectly, such as facing outward, in a staggered configuration, or at a right angle, can lead to various issues such as difficulty in welding, leaks, and compromised structural integrity. Therefore, facing flanges inward is essential for ensuring optimal welding quality and the overall performance of the piping system.